Letra P1

	Lista de trabajos editados ordenados alfabeticamente por autores Con * las letras numeradas hasta el momento A1 - A2 - B1 - B2 - C1 - C2 - D - E1 - E2 - F - G1 - G2 - H1 - H2 - I1 - J - K1 - K2 - K3 - L1 - L2 - M1 - M2 - M3 - M4 - N1 - N2 - O1 - O2 - P1 - P2 - Q1 - R1 - R2 - R3 - R4 - S1 - S2 - S3 - S4 - T1 - T2 - U1 - V1 - V2 - W1 - W2 - W3 - W4 - X1 - Y1 - Z1 Regresar a la Portada

Paar, J., B. P. Oldroyd, E. Huettinger & G. Kastberger, 2002. Drifting of worker bees in Apis dorsata aggregations. Apidologie. [In Press].

Paar, J., B. P. Oldroyd, E. Huettinger & G. Kastberger, 2004. Levels of polyandry in Apis laboriosa Smith from Nepal. Insectes Sociaux 51(3): 212-214.

Paar, J., B. P. Oldroyd & G. Kastberger, 2000. Giant honeybees return to their nest sites. Nature 206: 475.

Pabalan, N., K. G. Davey & L. Packer, 1996. Comparative morphology of spermathecae in solitary and primitively eusocial bees. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74: 802-808.

Pabalan, N., K. G. Davey & L. Packer, 2000. Escalation of aggressive interactions during staged encouters in Halictus ligatus Say (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), with a comparison of circle tube behaviors with other Halictine species. Journal of Insect Behavior 13: 627-650.

Pabalan, N., L. Packer & K. G. Davey, 1994. Oosorption and spermathecal morphology in three species of wild bees. p. 489. In: Proceedings of the International Congress of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects. Paris, 1994.

Pablico, S. M. 2003. Bachelor finds a gold mine in Apiculture [Dimotre Ugot of Sapilang, Bacnotan, La Union, Philippines]. Agriculture (Philippines) 7(6): 20-21; 61.

Packard, A. S. 1866. Observations on the development and position of the Hymenoptera, with notes on the morphology of insects. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 10: 279-296.

Packard, A. S. 1867. The home of the Bees. American Naturalist 1: 364-378, pl.x.

Packard, A. S. 1868a. On the structure of the ovipositor and homologous parts in the male insect. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 11: 393-399.

Packard, A. S. 1868b. The home of the bees (concluded). American Naturalist 1: 596-606.

Packard, A. S. 1868c. The parasites of the honeybee. American Naturalist 2: 195-205, pls. 4,5.

Packard, A. S. 1897. Notes on the transformations of the higher Hymenoptera, II and III. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 5: 77-87, 109-120.

Packer, J. S. 1970. The flight and foraging behavior of the alkali bee (Nomia melanderi Ckll.)) and the alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata (F.)). Ph. D. Thesis. Utah State University, Logan. 118 pages.

Packer, L. 1983. The nesting biology of Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) laticeps (Hymenoptera; Halictidae) in England. Insectes Sociaux 30: 367-375.

Packer, L. 1985. The social organisation of two halictine bees from southern Mexico with notes on two bee-hunting philanthine wasps. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 51: 291-298.

Packer, L. 1986a. The biology of a subtropical population of Halictus ligatus Say. II. Male behaviour. Ethology 72: 287-298.

Packer, L. 1986b. The biology of a subtropical population of Halictus ligatus Say. IV. A cuckoo-like caste. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 94: 458-466.

Packer, L. 1986c. The social organisation of Halictus ligatus (Hymenoptera; Halictidae) in southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64: 2317-2324.

Packer, L. 1986d. Multiple foundress associations in a temperate population of Halictus ligatus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64: 2325-2332.

Packer, L. 1987a. The triungulin larva of Nemognatha (Pauronemognatha) punctulata LeConte (Coleoptera; Meloidae) with a description of the nest of its host Megachile brevis pseudobrevis Say (Hymenoptera; Megachilidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 60: 280-287.

Packer, L. 1987b. A description of the mature larva and cocoon of the bee Thygater sp. (Hymenoptera; Anthophoridae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 95: 23-27.

Packer, L. 1987c. An unexpectedly high female bias to the sex ratio in a temperate population of Halictus ligatus. Pp. 353-354. In: Proceedings of the International Congress of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects. Munich, 1987.

Packer, L. 1987d. Reproductive competition in two populations of Halictus ligatus. pp. 553-554. In: Proceedings of the International Congress of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects. Munich, 1987.

Packer, L. 1988. The effect of Bombylius pulchellus (Diptera; Bombyliidae) and other mortality factors upon the biology of Halictus ligatus (Hymenoptera; Halictidae) in southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66: 611-616.

Packer, L. 1990a. Solitary and eusocial nests in a population of Augochlorella striata (Provancher) (Hymenoptera; Halictidae) at the northern edge of its range. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 27: 339-344.

Packer, L. 1990b. Biochemical systematics and the evolution of social behaviour and nest architecture in sweat bees of the subgenus Evylaeus. p. 666. In: Proceedings of the International Congress of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects. Bangalore, 1990.

Packer, L. 1991. The evolution of social behaviour and nest architecture in sweat bees of the subgenus Evylaeus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae): A phylogenetic approach. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 29(3): 153-160.

Packer, L. 1992. The social organisation of Lasioglossum (Dialictus) laevissimum in Southern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 1767-1774.

Packer, L. 1993a. Two new species of Halictine bees from high altitude in the New World tropics. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71:1653-1662.

Packer, L. 1993b. Multiple foundress associations in sweat bees. Pp. 215-233. In: Keller, L. (ed.), Queen number and sociality in insects. Oxford University Press.

Packer, L. 1994a. Lasioglossum (Dialictus) tenax (Sandhouse) (Hymenoptera; Halictidae) as a solitary sweat bee. Insectes Sociaux 41: 309-313.

Packer, L. 1994b. Biodiversity and the food supply. Pp. 117-123. In: D.V.J. Bell et al.(ed.), Human society and the natural world: perspectives on sustainable futures. Faculty of Environmental Studies, North York.

Packer, L. 1994c. Intracolonial conflicts of interest in the primitively social bee Lasioglossum laevissimum. p.164. In: Proceedings of the International Congress of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects. Paris, 1994.

Packer, L. 1994d. Biodiversity and the food supply. Pp. 117-123. In: Bell, D. V. J. et al.,(eds.), Human society and the natural world: perspectives on sustainable futures. Faculty of Environmental Studies, North York.

Packer, L. 1997. The relevance of phylogenetic systematics to biology: examples from medicine and behavioural ecology. Pp. 11-29. In: P. Grandcolas (Ed.), The origin of biodiversity in insects: phylogenetic tests of evolutionary scenarios. Mémoires de Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle [special volume] 173.

Packer, L. 1998a. Reproductive altruism in insects. Pp. 118-128. In: Adashi, E. Y. et al. (ed.), The Encyclopaedia of Reproduction. Harcourt - Brace.

Packer, L. 1998b. A phylogenetic analysis of western European species of the Lasioglossum leucozonium species group (Hymenoptera: Halictidae): Sociobiological and taxonomic implications. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76: 1611-1621.

Packer, L. 1999. The distribution of Halictus ligatus Say and H. poeyi Lep. (Hymenoptera; Halictidae) in North America. Pp. 81-84. In: Byers, G.W.R., R. H. Hagen & R. W. Brooks (eds). Entomological Contributions in Memory of Byron A. Alexander. University of Kansas Nature History Museum Special Publication 24.

Packer, L. 2000. The biology of Thrincohalictus prognathus (Perez) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 9(1): 53-61.

Packer, L. 2003. The comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 138: 1-38.

Packer, L. 2004. Morphological variation in the gastral sterna of female Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology. [In press].

Packer, L. [In Press]. A New Species of Chilicola (Oroediscelis) From Argentina (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society.

Packer, L. [In Press]. Marking influences bee behaviour in circle tubes. Insectes Sociaux.

Packer, L. [In Press]. Two new species groups of Chilicola from Northern Argentina with the description of 12 new species. Zootaxa.

Packer, L., B. Coelho, S. Mateus & R. Zucchi, 2003a. Observations of Halictus lanei (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) in Brazil. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 76: 34-39.

Packer, L., B. W. T. Coelho, S. Mateus & R Zucchi, 2003b. Behavioral interactions among females of Halictus (Seladonia) lanei (Moure) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 76(2): 177-182.

Packer, L., A. Dzinas, K. Strickler & V. Scott, 1995. Genetic differentiation between two host “races” and two species of cleptoparasitic bees and between their two hosts. Biochemical Genetics 33: 97-109.

Packer, L., J. Grixti, H. Douglas, J. Janjic, R. Sellars & M. Sommers, 2001. Insect survey of tall-grass prairie in southern Ontario with particular reference to the bees of the Manestar Tract. A report submitted to the WWF and OMNR Living Legacy Program. 13 pp.

Packer, L., V. Jessome, C. Lockerbie & B. Sampson, 1989. The phenology and social biology of four sweat bees in a marginal environment: Cape Breton Island. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67: 2871-2877.

Packer, L. & G. Knerer, 1985. Social evolution and its correlates in bees of the subgenus Evylaeus. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 17: 143-149.

Packer, L. & G. Knerer, 1986a. The biology of a subtropical population of Halictus ligatus Say (Hymenoptera; Halictidae). I. Phenology and social organisation. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 18: 363-375.

Packer, L. & G. Knerer, 1986b. An analysis of variation in the nest architecture of Halictus ligatus in Ontario. Insectes Sociaux 33: 190-204.

Packer, L. & G. Knerer, 1987. The biology of a subtropical population of Halictus ligatus Say (Hymenoptera; Halictidae). III. The transition between annual and continuously brooded colony cycles. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 60: 510-516.

Packer, L. & R. E. Owen, 1989a. Notes on the biology of Lasioglossum cooleyi (Crawford), an eusocial halictine bee (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Canadian Entomologist 121(6): 431-438.

Packer, L. & R. E. Owen, 1989b. Isozyme variation in Halictus rubicundus(Christ): a primitively social bee (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Canadian Entomologist 121(12): 1049-1058.

Packer, L. & R. E. Owen, 1990. Allozyme variation, linkage disequilibrium and diploid male production in a population of the primitively social bee Augochlorella striata (Hymenoptera; Halictidae). Heredity 65(2): 241-248.

Packer, L. & R. E. Owen,1992. Variable enzyme systems in the Hymenoptera. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 20(1): 1-7.

Packer, L. & R. E. Owen, 1994. Relatedness and sex ratio in a primitively eusocial halictine bee. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 34(1): 1-10.

Packer, L. & R. E. Owen, 2001. Population genetic aspects of pollinator decline. Conservation Ecology 5(1): 4. [online] URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol5/iss1/art4.

Packer, L., R. E. Owen & C. Plateaux-Quénu. 1992. Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) mediterraneum as a species distinct from L. (E.) laticeps, with notes on its phylogenetic position. Canadian Entomologist 124: 371-380.

Packer, L., C. Plateaux-Quenu & R. E. Owen, 1992. Electrophoretic evidence that Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) mediterraneum (Bluthgen) is a species distinct from L. (E.) laticeps (Schenck) (Hymenoptera, Halictidae), with notes on its phylogenetic position. Canadian Entomologist 124(2): 371-380.

Packer, L. A. Porsa, C. Plateaux-Quénu & L. Plateaux, 1999 A cryptic species allied to Evylaeus villosulus (Kirby) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 35: 165-171.

Packer, L., B. Sampson, C. Lockerbie & V. Jessome, 1989. Nest architecture and brood mortality in some sweat bees (Hymenoptera; Halictidae) from Cape Breton Island. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67: 2864-2870.

Packer, L. & J. Taylor, 1997. How many hidden species are there? An application of the phylogenetic species concept to genetic data for some comparatively well known bee species. Canadian Entomologist 129: 587-594.

Packer, L. & J. Taylor, 1997. How many cryptic species are there? An application of the phylogenetic species concept to genetic data for some comparatively well known bee species. Canadian Entomologist 129: 587-594.

Packer, L. & J. Taylor, 2003. Genetic variation within and among populations of an arctic alpine sweat bee (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). The Canadian Entomologist 134: 619-632.

Packer, L., J. Taylor & M. Richards, 1994. Social devolution in sweat bees. p. 358. In: Proceedings of the International Congress of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects. Paris, 1994.

Packer, L., J. Taylor, D. Savignano, C. Bleser, C. Lane & L. Sommers, 1998 Population biology of an endangered butterfly, Lycaeides melissa samuelis (Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae): Genetic variation, gene flow and taxonomic status. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76: 320-329.

Padilla Alvarez, F., M. J. V. da Silva, F. Campano Cabanes, E. Jimenez Vaquero, J. M. Flores Serrano, F. Puerta Puerta & M. Bustos Ruiz, 2001. Discriminative study of Apis mellifera L. populations from South Spain, Central Portugal and Madeira. Archivos de Zootecnia 50(189/190): 79-89.

Padilla Alvarez, F., M. J. V. da Silva, F. Campano Cabanes, E. Jimenez Vaquero, F. Puerta Puerta, J. M. Flores Serrano M. Bustos Ruiz, 2001. Biometric study of Apis mellifera populations from Central Portugal and Madeira. Archivos de Zootecnia 50(189/190): 67-77.

Padr, Z. 1990. Solitary bees and bumble bees of the botanical garden of Charles University in Prague (Czech.). Acta Univ. Carol-Biol. 34(3): 173-182.

Pagden, H. T. 1933. Notes on some Malayan Xylocopidae (Hym.). Stylops 2: 76-81.

Pagden, H. T. 1957. Notes on communal flight activities of stingless bees. Malayan Nat. J. 12: 15-19.

Page, R. E. 1992. How Africanized honey bees will affect California agriculture. California Agriculture 46(1): 18-19.

Page, R. E., M. S. Blum & H. M. Fales, 1988. o-Aminoacetophenone, a pheromone that repels honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). Experimentia 44(3): 270-271.

Page, R. E., M. M. Ibrahim & H. H. Laidlaw Jr., 1981. The history of modern beekeeping in Egypt. Gleanings in Bee Culture 109(1): 24-26.

Page, R. E. Jr. 1980. The evolution of multiple mating behavior by honey bee queens (Apis mellifera). Genetics 96(1): 263-274.

Page, R. E. Jr. 1981. Protandrous reproduction in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Environmental Entomology 10: 359-362.

Page, R. E. Jr. 1989. Neotropical African Bees. Nature 339(6221): 181-182.

Page, R. E. Jr. 1990. Africanized bee research. Calif. Avocado Soc., San Diego, California, Yearbook 1990 Vol. 74: 101-102.

Page, R. E. Jr. 1992. How Africanized honey bees will affect California agriculture. California Agriculture 46(1): 18-19.

Page, R. E. Jr. 1998. Blessing or curse? Varroa mite impacts Africanized bee spread and beekeeping. California Agriculture 52(2): 9-12.

Page, R.E. Jr. & E. H. Erickson Jr., 1984. Selective rearing of queens by worker honey bees: kin or nestmate recognition. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 77(5): 578-580.

Page, R. E. Jr. & E. H. Erickson Jr., 1985. Identification and certification of Africanized honey bees. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 78(2): 149-158.

Page, R. E. Jr. & E. H. Erickson Jr., 1986a. Kin recognition and virgin queen acceptance by worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Animal Behaviour 34(4): 1061-1069.

Page, R. E. Jr. & E. H. Erickson, Jr., 1986b. Kin recognition during emergency queen rearing by worker honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 79(3): 460-467.

Page, R. E. Jr. & E. H. Erickson Jr., 1988. Reproduction by worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 23(2): 117-126.

Page, R. E. Jr., E. H. Erickson Jr. & H. H. Laidlaw Jr., 1982. A closed population breeding program for honey bees includes protection against Apis mellifera adansonii, USA. American Bee Journal 122(5): 350-351, 354-355.

Page, R. E. Jr., M. K. Fondrk, G. J. Hunt, E. Guzman-Novoa, M. A. Humphries, K. Nguyen & A. S. Greene, 2000. Genetic dissection of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) foraging behavior. Journal of Heredity 91(6): 474-479.

Page, R. E. Jr., M. K. Fondrk & G. E. Robinson, 1993. Selectable components of sex allocation in colonies of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Behavioral Ecology 4: 239-245.

Page, R. E. Jr., J. Gadau & M. Beye, 2002. The emergence of Hymenopteran genetics. Genetics 160(2): 375-379.

Page, R. E. Jr. & N. E. Gray, 1990. Genotypic variation in susceptibility of honey bees (Apis mellifera) to infestation by tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 8(4): 275-284.

Page, R. E. Jr. & W. E. Kerr, 1990. The evolution of monandry and queen replacement in Melipona (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Rev. Bras. Genet. 13(2): 209-230.

Page, R. E. Jr., R. B. Kimsey & H. H. Laidlaw Jr. 1984. Migration and dispersal of spermatozoa in spermathecae of queen honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). Experimentia 40(2): 182-184.

Page, R. E. Jr. & H. H. Laidlaw Jr., 1980. Egyptian beekeeping. American Bee Journal 120(11): 776-779.

Page, R. E. Jr. & H. H. Laidlaw Jr., 1981. The construction of a traditional Egyptian beehive. American Bee Journal 121(3): 178-180.

Page, R. E. Jr. & H. H. Laidlaw Jr., 1982. Closed population honeybee breeding. 1. Population genetics of sex determination (Apis mellifera). Journal of Apicultural Research 21(1): 30-37.

Page, R. E. Jr. & H. H. Laidlaw Jr., 1982. Closed population honeybee breeding. 2. Comparative methods of stock maintenance and selective breeding (Apis mellifera). Journal of Apicultural Research 21(1): 38-44.

Page, R. E. Jr. & H. H. Laidlaw Jr., 1985. Closed population honeybee breeding. Bee World 66(2): 63-72.

Page, R. E. Jr. & H. H. Laidlaw Jr., 1988. Full sisters and super sisters: a terminological paradigm. Animal Behaviour 36(3): 944-945.

Page, R. E. Jr., H. H. Laidlaw Jr., E. H. Erickson Jr., 1983. Closed population honeybee breeding. 3. The distribution of sex alleles with gyne supersedure. Journal of Apicultural Research 22(3): 184-190.

Page, R. E. Jr., H. H. Laidlaw Jr. & E. H. Erickson Jr., 1985. Closed population honeybee breeding. 4. The distribution of sex alleles with top crossing. Journal of Apicultural Research 24(1): 38-42.

Page, R. E. Jr. & R. W. Marks, 1982. The population genetics of sex determination in honeybees: Random mating in closed populations. Heredity 48: 263-270.

Page, R. E. Jr. & R. A. Metcalf, 1984. A population investment ratio for the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). American Naturalist 124: 680-702.

Page, R. E. Jr. & R. A. Metcalf, 1988. A population estimate of MDH allozyme frequencies for the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Pan Pacific Entomologist 64(3): 285-290.

Page, R. E. Jr., R. A. Metcalf, R. L. Metcalf, E. H. Erickson Jr. & R. L. Lampman, 1991. Extractable hydrocarbons and kin recognition in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). Journal of Chemical Ecology 17(4): 745-756.

Page, R. E. Jr., E. R. Nash & E. H. Erickson Jr., 1987. Use of honey yield data to assess damage to the beekeeping industry of the United States. Bulltein of the Entomological Society of America 33(3): 190-194.

Page, R. E. Jr. & G. E. Robinson, 1989. Genetic structure, division of labor, and the evolution of insect societies. Pp. 15-29. In: M. D. Breed & R. E. Page (eds.), The Genetics of Social Evolution. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

Page, R. E. Jr. & G. E. Robinson, 1990. Nepotism in the honey bee. [Reply to Oldroyd et al.]. Nature 346: 707.

Page, R. E. Jr. & G. E. Robinson, 1991. The genetics of the division of labor in honey bee colonies. Advances in Insect Physiology 23: 117-169.

Page, R. E. Jr. & G. E. Robinson, 1994. Reproductive competition in queenless honey bee colonies. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 35: 99-107.

Page, R. E. Jr., G. E. Robinson, D. S. Britain & M. K. Fondrk, 1992. Genotypic variability for rates of behavioural development in honey bees. Behavioral Ecology 3: 173-180.

Page, R. E. Jr., G. E. Robinson & M. K. Fondrk, 1989. Genetic specialists, kin recognition, and nepotism in honey-bee colonies. Nature 338: 576-579.

Page, R. E. Jr., G. E. Robinson & M. K. Fondrk, 1995. Effects of worker genotypic diversity on the development and behavior of honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera L.). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 36: 387-396.

Page, R. E. Jr., G. E. Robinson, M. K. Fondrk & M. E. Nasr, 1995. Effects of worker genotypic diversity on honey bee colony development and behavior (Apis mellifera L.). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 36: 387-396.

Page, R. E. Jr., K. D. Waddington, G. J. Hunt & M. K. Fondrk, 1995. Genetic determinants of honey bee foraging behaviour. Animal Behaviour 50: 1617-1625.

Pager, H. 1976. The earliest European depiction of African bees (1602). Bee World 57(3): 113.

Pagliano, G. 1995. Hymenoptera Apoidea. In A. Minelli, S. Ruffo & S. La Posta (eds): Checklist delle specie delle fauna Italiana 106(1994): 23-24. Bologna.

Pagliano,G. & P. Scaramozzino, 1990. Elenco dei generi di Hymenoptera del mondo. Memoria della Società Entomologica Italiana 68(1989): 1-210.

Paini, D. R. & W. J. Bailey, 2002. Seasonal sex ratio and unbalanced investment sex ratio in the Banksia bee Hylaeus alcyoneus. Ecological Entomology 27: 713-719.

Paini, D. R., M. R. Williams & J. D. Roberts, 2005. No short-term impact of honey bees on the reproductive success of an Australian native bee. Apidologie 36(4): 613-622.

Palacio, M. A., E. E. Figini, S. R. Ruffinengo, E. M. Rodriguez, M. L. del Hoyo & E. L. Bedascarrasbure, 2000. Changes in a population of Apis melliferaL. selected for hygienic behavior and its relation to brood disease tolerance. Apidologie 31(4): 471-478.

Paleolog, J. & R. Jagiello, 2001. Comparisons of overwintering, spring build up and honey yield in honeybee colonies kept in wielkopolski and Dadant hives. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio EE Zootechnica 19: 333-340.

Palisot de Beauvois, 1818. Insectes Recueillis en Afrique et en Amerique. Livre 12. Levrault, Paris. 276 pages.

Pallas, P. S. 1771. Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des rub ischen Reichs. 1: 504 pp. St Petersburg.

Palma, M. S. 1992. Composition of freshly harvested Brazilian royal jelly: Identification of carbohydrates from the sugar fraction. Journal of Apicultural Research 31(1): 42-44.

Palma, M. S. & B. M. R. Brochetto, 1993. Biochemical variability between venoms from different honey-bee (Apis mellifera) races. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C- Comparative Pharmacology and Toxicology 106(2): 423-427.

Palmer-Jones, T. & others, 1954. Effect on honey bees of DDT plus superphosphate applied as a dust to white clover pasture. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology 36(2): 177-192.

Palmer-Jones, T. & P. G. Clinch, 1973. Effect on honey bees of BTS 27419 applied as a spray to apple trees. N. Z. J. Exp. Agric. 1(2): 195-196.

Palmer-Jones, T., I. W. Forster & G. L. Jeffery, 1959. Effect on honey bees of DDT and Thiodan applied from the air as spray to Chou Moellier (Brassica Oleracea L.). New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 2(3): 481-487.

Palmer, K. A. & B. P. Oldroyd, 2000. Evolution of multiple mating in the genus Apis. Apidologie 31(2): 235-248.

Palmer, K. A. & B. P. Oldroyd, 2001. Multiple mating in Apis florea revisited. Insectes Sociaux 48: 40-43.

Palmer, K. A., B. P. Oldroyd, P. Franck & S. Hadisoesilo, 2001. Very high mating frequency in Apis nigrocincta. Insectes Sociaux 48: 327-332.

Palmer, M. R., D. R. Smith & O. Kaftanoglu, 2000. Turkish honeybees: genetic variation and evidence for a fourth lineage of Apis mellifera mtDNA. Journal of Heredity 19(1): 42-46.

Palmer, T. P. & B. J. Donovan, 1980. Seed production of new cultivars of lucerne. Herbage Seed Production. Pp. 87-91. Grassland Research and Practice Series No.1. New Zealand Grassland Association.

Palmer, T. P. & B. J. Donovan, 1980. Seed production of new cultivars of lucerne. Herbage Seed Production. Grassland Research and Practice Series No. 1, New Zealand Grassland Association: 87-91.

Pamilo, P. 1982. Genetic evolution of sex ratios in eusocial Hymenoptera: allele frequency simulations. The American Naturalist 111: 638-656.

Pamilo, P. 1984. Genotypic correlation and regression in social groups: multiple alleles, multiple loci and subdivided populations. Genetics 107: 307-320.

Pamilo, P. 1985. Effect of inbreeding on genetic relatedness. Hereditas 103(2): 195-200.

Pamilo, P. 1986. Effect of supersedure breeding programmes on the sex alleles of the honeybee. Journal of Apicultural Research 25(1): 44-49.

Pamilo, P. 1991a. Evolution of colony characteristics in social insects. I. Sex allocation. The American Naturalist 137(1): 83-107.

Pamilo, P. 1991b. Evolution of colony characteristics in social insects. II. Number of reproductive individuals. The American Naturalist 137 (page numbers ?).

Pamilo, P. & R. H. Crozier, 1981. Genic variation in male haploids under deterministic selection. Genetics 98(1): 199-214.

Pamilo, P. & R. H. Crozier, 1982. Measuring genetic relatedness in natural populations: methodology. Theoretical Population Biology 21(2): 171-193.

Pamilo, P., P. Gertsch, P. Thoren & P. Seppa, 1997. Molecular population genetics of social insects. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 28: 1-25.

Pamilo, P., A. Pekkarinen & S. -L. Varvio, 1987. Clustering of bumblebee subgenera based on interspecific genetic relationships (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Bombus and Psithyrus). Annales Zoologici Fennici 24: 19-27.

Pamilo, P., J. Tengö, P. Rasmont, K. Pirhonen, A. Pekkarinen & E. Kaarnama, 1997. Pheromonal and enzyme genetic characteristics of the Bombus lucorum species complex in northern Europe. Entomologica Fennica 7: 187-194.

Pamilo, P., S. Varvio-Aho & A. Pekkarinen, 1978. Low enzyme gene variability in Hymenoptera as a consequence of haplodiploidy. Hereditas 88: 93-99.

Pamilo, P., S.-L. Varvio-Aho & A. Pekkarinen, 1984. Genetic variation in bumblebees (Bombus, Psithyrus) and putative sibling species of Bombus lucorum. Hereditas 101(2): 245-251.

Pammel, L.H. 1888, On the pollination of Phlomis tuberosa L. and the perforation of flowers. Transactions of the Academy of Sciences, St. Louis 5: 241-277.

Pamujac, N. 2003. Varroasis control in apiculture. Agricultura Moldovei (Republic of Moldova). No.7: 33-34. (In Russian).

Panfilov, D. V. 1951. Bumblebees of the subgenus Cullumanobombus Vogt (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Trudy Vsesoyuznogo éntomologicheskago obshchestva 43: 115-128.

Panfilov, D. V. 1956. Contribution to the taxonomy of bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Bombinae), including the description of new forms. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 35: 1325-1334.

Pangelly D. H. 1958. The genus Megachile and alfalfa pollination. Proceedings of the 4th International Congress Entomology 4: 945-950.

Pankiw, P. 1966. Megachile rotundata. Forage Notes 12(2): 48.

Pankiw, P. 1975. Variations in emergency of strains of Megachile pacifica (Panzer) from diverse sources. Forage Notes 20(2): 11.

Pankiw, P. & D. A. Cooke, 1976. Isolation distances and border removal for alfalfa and red clover seed production in Canada. In: Report of 15th Alfalfa Improvement Conference, July 13-15, 1976. Agric. Res. Serv. Publ. No. ARS-NC-52: 36.

Pankiw, P., J. A. C. Lieverse & B. Siemens, 1980. The relationship between latitude and the emergence of alfalfa leafcutter bees, Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Canad. Entomol. 112(6): 555-558.

Pankiw, P. & B. Siemens, 1974. Management of Megachile rotundata in north-western Canada for population increase. Canad. Entomol. 106(9): 1003-1008.

Pankiw, P., B. Siemens & J. A. C. Lieverse, 1978. Breeding and management of Megachile rotundata for alfalfa seed production in northwestern Canada (lat. 55-58°N). Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Pollination, Maryland, 1978. Maryland Agric. Exper. Station 1: 273-277.

Pankiw, T. 1997. Queen rearing by high and low queen mandibular pheromone responding worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Canadian Entomologist 129(4): 679-690.

Pankiw, T. 2004a. Cued in: honey bee pheromones as information flow and collective decision-making. Apidologie 35: 217-226.

Pankiw, T. 2004b. Brood pheromone regulates foraging activity of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of economic entomology 97(3): 748-751.

Pankiv, T., Z. –Y. Huang, G. E. Robinson & M. L. Winston, 1998. Queen mandibular pheromone influences worker honey bee (Apis mellifera) foraging ontogeny and juvenile hormone titers. Journal of Insect Physiology 44: 685-692.

Pankiw, T., Z. -Y. Huang, M. L. Winston & G. E. Robinson, 1998. Queen mandibular gland pheromone influences worker honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) foraging ontogeny and juvenile hormone titers. Journal of Insect Physiology 44(7/8): 685-692.

Pankiw, T. & S. C. Jay, 1992. Aerially applied ultra-low-volume malathion effects on caged honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), caged mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), and malathion residues. Journal of Economic Entomology 85(3): 687-691.

Pankiw, T. & S. C. Jay, 1992. Aerially applied ultra-low-volume malathion effects on colonies of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 85(3): 692-699.

Pankiw, T. & R. E. Page Jr., 1999. The effect of genotype, age, sex, and caste on response thresholds to sucrose and foraging behavior of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Journal of Comparative Physiology A. Sensory, Neural and Behavioral Physiology 185(2): 207-213.

Pankiw, T. & R. E. Page Jr., 2000. Response thresholds to sucrose predict foraging division of labor in honeybees. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 47(4): 265-267.

Pankiw, T., R. E. Page Jr. & M. K. Fondrk, 1998. Brood pheromone stimulates pollen foraging in honey bees (Apis mellifera). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 44(3): 193-198.

Pankiw, T. & W. L. Rubink, 2002. Pollen foraging response to brood pheromone by Africanized and European honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 95(6): 761-767.

Pankiw, T., D. R. Tarpy, R. E. Page Jr., 2002. Genotype and rearing environment affect honeybee perception and foraging behaviour. Animal Behaviour 64(4): 663-672.

Pankiw, T., K. D. Waddington & R. E. Page Jr., 2001. Modulation of sucrose response thresholds in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.): influence of genotype, feeding, and foraging experience. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. Sensory, Neural and Behavioral Physiology 187(4): 293-301.

Pankiw, T., M. L. Winston, E. Plettner, K. N. Slessor, J. S. Pettis & O. R. Taylor, 1996. Mandibular gland components of European and Africanized honey bee queens (Apis mellifera L.). Journal of Chemical Ecology 22(4): 605-615.

Pankiw, T., M. L. Winston & K. N. Slessor, 1994. Variation in worker response to honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queen mandibular pheromone (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 7(1): 1-15.

Panzer, G. W. F. 1798. Faunae Insectorum Germaniae initia oder Deutschlands Insecten. none specified pp.

Panzer, G. W. F. 1801. Faunae insectorum Germanicae initia oder Deutschlands Insecten gesammelt und herausgegeben. Heft 73-84. Felssecker, Nürnberg. none specified. pp.

Panzer, G. W. F. 1804. Faunae insectorum Germanicae initia oder Deutschlands Insecten gesammelt und herausgegeben. Heft 85-90. Felssecker, Nürnberg.

Panzer, G. W. F. 1805. Kritische Revision der Insektenfaune Deutschlands. 1. Baendchen. Felsseckerschen Buchhandlung, Nurnberg. none specified. pp.

Panzer, G. W. F. 1806a. Ktitische revision der Insektenfauna Deutschlands. Vol. 2. Felssecker, Nürnberg. [14] + 271 pp., 2 pls.

Panzer, G. W. F. 1806b. Faunae Insectorum Germanicae. Heft 107. Felssecker, Nürnberg. none specified. pp.

Panzer, G. W. F. 1809. Faunae Insectorum Germaniae initia oder Deutschlands Insecten. none specified. pp.

Papaefthimiou, C., V. Pavlidou, A. Gregorc & G. Theophilidis, 2002. The action of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the isolated heart of insect and amphibia. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 11(2): 127-140.

Papaefthimiou, C. & G. Theophilidis, 2001. The cardiotoxic action of the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin, the azole fungicide prochloraz, and their synergy on the semi-isolated heart of the bee Apis mellifera macedonica. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 69(2): 77-91.

Para, G. N. & D. W. Roubik, 1990. Sympatry among subspecies of Melipona favosa in Colombia and a taxonomic revision. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 63(1): 200-203.

Parent, G., F. Malaisse & C. Verstraeteen, 1978. Honey in the clear forest of southern Shaba Bees, Apis mellifica adansonii and wild bee species, honey harvests and yields, Zaire. Bull. Rech. Agron. Gembloux 13(2): 161-176.

Park, J. M., T. Kunieda & T. Kubo, 2003. The activity of Mblk-1, a mushroom body-selective transcription factor by the Ras/MAPK pathway. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278(20): 18689-18694.

Park J. M., T. Kunieda, H. Takeuchi & T. Kubo, 2002. DNA-binding properties of Mblk-1, a putative transcription factor from the honey bee. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 291(1): 23-28.

Park Yong Kun, S. M. Alencar, A. R. P. Scamparini, & C. L. Aguiar, 2002. Propolis produced in South Brazil, Argentine and Uruguay: phytochemical evidence for the plant origin. Ciencia Rural 32(6): 997-1003.

Park, Y. K., J. F. Paredes-Guzman, C. L. Aguiar, S. M. Alencar & F. Y. Fujiwara, 2004. Chemical constituents in Baccharis dracunculifolia as the main botanical origin of southeastern Brazilian propolis. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 52(5): 1100-1103.

Parker, F. D. 1975a. Nests of the mason bee Osmia tanneri Sandhouse and O. logula Cresson with a description of the female of O. tanneri (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 51(3): 179-183.

Parker, F. D. 1975b. Nest descriptions and associates of three American bees of the genus “Anthocopa” Lepeletier. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 51: 113-122.

Parker, F. D. 1976a. A new Proteriades reared from trap stems, its biology and nest associates. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 52: 73-80.

Parker, F. D. 1976b. Potentials of European alfalfa pollinators. Publ. US ARS, North Central Region 52: 35.

Parker, F. D. 1977a. Nests of Anthocopa enceliae (Cockerell) and A. elongata (Michener). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 53: 47-52.

Parker, F. D. 1977b. Biological notes on some Mexican bees. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 53: 189-192.

Parker, F. D. 1977c. A new Proteriades (Xerosmia) from New Mexico with biological notes. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 50: 317-323.

Parker, F. D. 1977d. A new Ashmeadiella from Arizona (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 53(3): 193-194.

Parker, F. D. 1977e. U.S. National Pollinating Insects Collection, Bee Biology and Systematic Laboratory. Misc. Publ. U. S. Dep. Agriculture 1343: 55-57.

Parker, F. D. 1978a. Biology of the bee genus Proteriades Titus. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 51: 145-173.

Parker, F. D. 1978b. An illustrated key to alfalfa leafcutter bees Eutricharaea. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 54: 61-64.

Parker, F. D. 1978c. Research at the Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, Logan, Utah. American Bee Journal 118(9): 597-600.

Parker, F. D. 1978d. An illustrated key to alfalfa leafcutter bees Eutricharaea (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 54(1): 61-64.

Parker, F. D. 1979a. Alfalfa leafcutter bee-reducing parasitism of loose cells during incubation (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Pan–Pacific Entomologist 55(2): 90-94.

Parker, F. D. 1979b. A new Proteriades with distributional notes and a key to its subgenus Hoplitina. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 55: 51-56.

Parker, F. D. 1979c. Alfalfa leafcutter bee: origin of female and its influence on diapause. Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Pollination, Maryland, 1978. Maryland Agric. Exper. Station 1: 269-272.

Parker, F. D. 1980. Nests of Osmia marginipennis Cresson with a description of the female (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 56(1): 38-42.

Parker, F. D. 1981a. Sunflower pollination: abundance, diversity and seasonality of bees and their effect on seed yield. Journal of Apicultural Research 20: 49-61.

Parker, F. D. 1981b. Sunflower pollination: abundance, diversity, and seasonality of bees on male-sterile and male-fertile cultivars. Environmental Entomology 10(6): 1012-1017.

Parker, F. D. 1981c. Nests and nest associates of a desert bee, Osmia marginata Michener. The Southwestern Entomologist 6(3): 184-189.

Parker, F. D. 1981d. How efficient are bees in pollinating sunflowers? Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 54(1): 61-67.

Parker, F. D. 1981e. A candidate red clover pollinator, Osmia coerulescens (L.). Journal of Apicultural Research 20(1): 62-65.

Parker, F. D. 1982. Efficiency of bees in pollinating onion flowers [Apis mellifera, Halictus farinosis]. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 55(1): 171-176.

Parker, F. D. 1983. A new Perdita from Utah's San Rafael Desert (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 59(1/4): 229-232.

Parker, F. D. 1984a. The nesting biology of Osmia (Trichinosmia) latisculcata Michener. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 57: 430-436.

Parker, F. D. 1984b. Biological notes on the bee Exomalopsis crenulata Timberlake (Hymenoptera:Anthophoridae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 60(3): 188-192.

Parker, F. D. 1984c. Effect of fungicide treatments on incidence of chalkbrood disease in nests of the alfalfa leafcutting bee (Hymenoptera:Megachilidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 77(1): 113-117.

Parker, F. D. 1985a. Osmia sanrafaelae, new species from Utah’s san Rafael Desert [USA] [Hymenoptera: Megachilidae]. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 58(4): 742-745.

Parker, F. D. 1985b. Effective fungicide treatment for controlling chalkbrood disease (Ascomycetes: Ascosphaeracceae) of the alfalfa leafcutting bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in the field. Journal of Economic Entomology 78(1): 35-40.

Parker, F. D. 1985c. A candidate legume pollinator, Osmia sanrafaelae Parker (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Journal of Apicultural Research 24(2): 132-136.

Parker, F. D. 1985d. Nesting habits of Osmia grinnelli Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 61(2): 155-159.

Parker, F. D. 1986a. Nesting, associates and mortality of Osmia sanrafaelae Parker. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 59: 367-377.

Parker, F. D. 1986b. Factors influencing mortality and nesting in managed populations of the sunflower leafcutter bee (Hymenoptera; Megachilidae). Environmental Entomology 15(4): 877-879.

Parker, F. D. 1986c. Field studies with Osmia sanrafaelae Parker, a pollinator of alfalfa (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 79(2): 384-386.

Parker, F. D. 1987. Nests of Callanthidium from block traps. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 63: 125-129.

Parker, F. D. 1988a. Nesting biology of two North American species of Chelostoma. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 64: 1-7.

Parker, F. D. 1988b. Influence of wood, paper, and plastic nesting units on efficacy of three candidate fungicides for control of chalk brood in the alfalfa leaf cutting bee (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 81(3): 789-795.

Parker, F. D. 1989. Nest clustering as a means of managing Osmia sanrafaelae (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 82(2): 401-403.

Parker, F. D., S. W. T. Batra & V. J. Tepedino 1987. New pollinators for our crops. Agricultural Zoology Reviews 2: 279-304.

Parker, F. D. & G. E. Bohart. 1979, Dolichostelis, a new genus of parasitic bees. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 52: 138-153.

Parker, F. D. & G. E. Bohart, 1982. Notes on the biology of Andrena (Callandrena) helianthi Robertson (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 58(2): 111-116.

Parker, F. D., J. H. Cane, G. W. Frankie & S. B. Vinson, 1987. Host records and nest entry by Dolichostelis, a kleptoparasitic anthidiine bee. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 63(2): 172-177.

Parker, F. D. & D. R. Frohlich, 1983. Hybrid sunflower pollination by a manageable composite specialist: the sunflower leafcutter bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) [Helianthus annuus v. macrocarpus]. Environmental Entomology 12(2): 576-581.

Parker, F. D. & D. R. Frohlich, 1985. Studies on management of the sunflower leafcutter bee Eumegachile pugnata (Say) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Journal of Apicultural Research 24(2): 125-131.

Parker, F. D. & T. [L]. Griswold, 1982. Biological notes on Andrena (Callandrena) haynesi Viereck and Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 58(4): 284-287.

Parker, F. D. & T. L. Griswold, 1993. A new species of Protostelis from Mexico (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 69(4): 329-331.

Parker, F. D., T. L. Griswold & J. H. Botsford, 1986. Biological notes on Nomia heteropoda Say (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 62(1): 91-94.

Parker, F. D. & M. W. Pedersen, 1975. Alfalfa leafcutter bee: Effect of alfalfa saponins on larval mortality. Environmental Entomology 4(1): 103-104.

Parker, F. D. & H. W. Potter, 1973. Biological notes on Lithurgus apicalis Cresson (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 49(4): 294-299.

Parker, F. D. & H. W. Potter, 1974. Methods of transferring and establishing the alkali bee. Environmental Entomology 3(5): 739-743.

Parker, F. D. & V. J. Tepedino, 1982a. A nest and pollen collection records of Osmia sculleni Sandhouse, a bee with hooked hairs on the mouthparts. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 55(2): 329-334.

Parker, F. D. & V. J. Tepedino, 1982b. Maternal influence on diapause in the alfalfa leafcutting bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Annales of the Entomological Society of America 75(4): 407-410.

Parker, F. D. & V. J. Tepedino, 1982c. Behavior of Osmia (Nothosmia) marginata Michener in the nest (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 58(3): 231-235.

Parker, F. D. & V. J. Tepedino, 1990. Bee pollination of Cuphea (Lythraceae) species in greehouse and field. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 66(1): 9-12.

Parker, F. D., V. J. Tepedino & G. E. Bohart, 1981. Notes on the biology of a common sunflower bee, Melissodes (Eumelissodes) agilis Cresson. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 89(1): 43-52. ill.

Parker, F. D., V. J. Tepedino & D. L. Vincent, 1980. Observations on the provisioning behavior of Ammophila aberti Haldeman (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Psyche 87(3/4): 249-258.

Parker, F. D., R. Teranishi & A. C. Olson, 1983. Influence of attractants on nest establishment by the alfalfa leafcutting bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in styrofoam and rolled paper. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 56(4): 477-482.

Parker, F. D. & P. F. Torchio, 1980. Management of wild bees (Revision). Agriculture handbook - United States Department of Agriculture 335: 144-160. ill.

Parker, F. D., P. F. Torchio, W. P. Nye & M. Pedersen, 1976. Utilization of additional species and populations of leafcutter bees for alfalfa pollination. Journal of Apicultural Research 15(2): 89-92.

Parker, I. M. 1997. Pollinator limitation of Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom), an invasive exotic shrub. Ecology 78: 1457-1470.

Parker, I. M., A. Engel, K. A. Haubensak & K. Goodell, 2002. Pollination of Cytisus scoparius (Fabaceae) and Genista monspessulana (Fabaceae), two invasive shrubs in California. Madrono 49(1): 25-32.

Parker, J. S. 1970. The flight and foraging behavior of the alkali bee (Nomia melanderi) and the alfalfa leaf-cutter bee (Megachile rotundata). Ph. D. Thesis. Utah State University, Logan. 119 pages.

Parker, J. S. 1972. The flight and foraging behavior of the alkali bee and the alfalfa leafcutter bee. Dissert. Abstr. Intern. Ser. B. 32(7): 3988.

Parks, H. B. 1936. Charles Robertson. Bios 7: 85–96.

Parra, G. 1990. Bionomía de las abejas sin aguijón (Apidae: Meliponinae) del occidente colombiano. Cespedesia 57/58: 77-116.

Parra, G. 1991. Distribución de la abeja sin aguijón (Meliponinae-Apidae) en el departamento del Valle del Cauca. Cespedesia 18(61): 9-22.

Parry, W. E. 1824. Journal of a voyage for the discovery of a North-West Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific; performed in the years 1819-20, in His Majesty’s ships Hecla and Griper, under the orders of William Edward Parry, R.N., F.R.S., and commander of the expedition. With an appendix, containing the scientific observations. xxix+310+cccx pp. London.

Partap, U. & T. Partap, 2001. Declining apple production and worried Himalayan farmers: promotion of honey bees for pollination. Issues in Mountain Development - International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development No. 1: 1-6.

Partap, U. & T. Partap, 2002. Warning signals from the apple valleys of the Hindu Kush-Himalayas: productivity concerns and pollination problems. 104 pages. Publ. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), PO Box 3226, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Partap, U., T. Partap & He Yong Hua, 2001. Pollination failure in apple crop and farmers' management strategies in Hengduan Mountains, China. Acta Horticulturae No. 561: 225-230.

Partap, U. & L. R. Verma, 1994. Pollination of radish by Apis cerana. Journal of Apicultural Research 33(4): 237-241.

Passarelli, L. M. 2002. Implication of Apis mellifera L. in the production of Cucurbita maxima Duch. Investigacion Agraria, Produccion y Proteccion Vegetales 17(1): 5-13.

Pasteels, J. J. 1965. Révision des Megachilidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) de l’Afrique Noire 1., Les Genres Creightonella [sic], Chalicodoma et Megachile (s.str.). Annales Musée Royal de l’Afrique Central, Tervuren, Sciences Zoologiques 137: ix + 579 pp.

Pasteels, J. J. 1966. Megachilidae (genres: Creightonella [sic], Megachile et Chalicodoma) peu connues ou nouvelles des regions palearctique et africaine. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale d’Entomologie de Belgique 102: 1-19.

Pasteels, J. J. 1968a. Statut, affinités et origines des Anthidiinae parasites. Naturaliste Canadien 95: 1055-1063.

Pasteels, J. J. 1968b. Révision des Megachilidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) de l’Afrique Noire 1., Les Genres Coelioxys. Annales Musée Royal de l’Afrique Central, Tervuren, Science Zoologiques 167: ii + 139 pp.

Pasteels, J. J. 1969a. La systématique générique et subgénérique des Anthidiinae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae) de l’ancien monde. Mémoires de la Société Royale d’Entomologie de Belgique 31: 1-148.

Pasteels, J. J. 1969b. New Anthidiinae (hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae) from the Mediterranean area and from the near East. Israel Journal of Entomology 4: 409-434.

Pasteels, J. J. 1969c. Perezia maura Ferton: Une forme intersexuee de Megachile centuncularis L. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 74: 248.

Pasteels, J. J. 1969d. Megachilidae from Mongolia, (Megachilidae, Anthidiini, Apoidea); results of the Mongolian-German biological expeditions from 1962, Nr. 42. Berlin Zool. Mus. Mitt. 45(2): 231-233.

Pasteels, J. J. 1970. Espéces nouvelles de Megachilidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) d’Afrique Noire, I. Generes Creightonella Cockerell et Chalicodoma Lepeletier. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 82: 205-232.

Pasteels, J. J. 1972. Révision des Anthidiinae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) de la région indo-malaise. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale d’Entomologie de Belgique 108: 72-128.

Pasteels, J. J. 1973. New species of Megachilidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) from black Africa. 2. genus Megachile Latreille (partim). Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 87(4): 697-727.

Pasteels, J. J. 1976. A new species of Chalicodoma from South Africa (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale d’Entomologie de Belgique 112: 278-280.

Pasteels, J. J. 1977a. Les Megachilini parasites (Coelioxys s.l.) d’Afrique noire [The parasitic Megachilini (Coelioxys) of Africa: Description of new species and rectification of nomenclature (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)]. Revue de Zoologie Africaine 91(1): 161-197. [In French.].

Pasteels, J. J. 1977b. Une revue comparative de l’ethologie des Anthidiinae nidificateurs de l’ancien monde. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (n.s.) 13: 651-667.

Pasteels, J. J. 1978. Two new species of Megachile collected in the Congo by Miss S. Kelner-Pillault (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Bulletin.Societe Entomologique de France 83(5/6): 146-149.

Pasteels, J. J. 1979. Notes on the Megachilidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Arabia and the limitrophic desert regions. 1. Some species with African affinity. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale d’Entomologie de Belgique 115(7-9): 250-257.

Pasteels, J. J. 1980. Revision du genre Euaspis Gerstaecker. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Belge d’Entomologie 116: 73-89.

Pasteels, J. J. 1982. Les Coelioxys latreille (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) du groupe afra Lepeletier d’Europe et du proche-orient. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Belge d’Entomologie 118: 109-120.

Pasteels, J. J. 1984. Révision des Anthidiinae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) de l’Afrique subsaharienne. Mémoires de la Classe des Sciences, Académie Royale de Belgique (IN-4-2) 19(1): 1-165.

Pasteels, J. J. 1985. New or little known species of Megachilinae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae) from sub Sahara. Revue de Zoologie Africaine 99(1): 5-16.

Pasteels, J. J. & J. M. Pasteels, 1971a. Scanning electron microscopic study of tergal glandular regions in species of the genus Megachile (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae). Acad. Sci. Paris C. R. Ser. D 273(17): 1481-1483.

Pasteels, J. J. & J. M. Pasteels, 1971b. Electron microscopic examination of tergal limits in Coelioxys Latr. (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae). Acad. Sci. Paris C. R. Ser. D 273(18): 1580-1581.

Pasteels, J. J. & J. M. Pasteels, 1974. Scanniing electronic microscope study of abdominal scopas in many species of bees (Apoidea, Megachilidae). Tissue Cell 6(1): 65-83.

Pasteels, J. J. & J. M. Pasteels, 1976. Scanning electron microscopic study of pollen collecting scopas in Colletidae and Oxaeidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Archives de Biologie [Bruxelles] 87: 79-102. [In French with English summary.].

Pasteels, J. M., J. J. Pasteels & L. de Vos. 1983. Étude au microscope électronique à balayage des scopas collectrices de pollen chez les Panurginae. Archives de Biologie [Bruxelles] 94(1) [1984]: 53-73. [In French with English summary.].

Patel, B. K., T. G. Marvania & B. V. David, 2000. A method to evaluate the toxicity (LC50) of phosphine gas from magnesium phosphide to beneficial insects. Journal of Applied Zoological Researches 11(1): 63-65.

Paterson, H. E. H. 1985. The recognition concept of species. In E. S. Vrba: Species and speciation, pp. 21-29. Transvaal Museum Monograph No. 4. Pretoria.

Paterson, P. D. 1988. A langstroth hive with top-bars instead of frames, for tropical African bees. Bee World 69(2): 63-68.

Paterson, P. D. 1991. Africanized bees in the americas. Bee World 72(1): 36.

Patetta, A. & A. Manino, 1986. Studies on the action on honeybees of chemicals proposed for Varroa. Apic. Mod. 77(6): 251-256. [In Italian with English summary.].

Patil, B. S. & S. D. Viraktamath, 2001. Foraging behaviour of two species of honey bees on sesamum. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences 14(3): 796-798.

Patinawin, S. & S. Wongsiri, 1994. Scanning electron microscopy of cervical lobes of Apis drones. Journal of Apicultural Research 33(2): 65-68.

Patiny, S. 1995. Biogéographie et écologie des bourdons (Hymenoptera, Apidae) des départements de Lozère et d'Aveyron (France, Massif Central). Mémoire de licence. Université de Mons Hainaut.

Patiny, S. 1997a. Notes préliminaires à la révision du sous-genre Melanapis Cameron, 1902 et du statut d'Andrena fuscosa Erichson, 1835 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae). Entomofauna 18(33): 529-548.

Patiny, S. 1997b. Systématique des Andrenidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) de Gaule (Volumes 1 et 2). Mémoire de DEA. Faculté universitaire des Sciences agronomiques de Gembloux.

Patiny, S. 1998a. Contribution à la connaissance de la régression des populations du sous-genre Taeniandrena Hedicke, 1933 (Hym., Andrenidae, Andrena) et de leurs habitudes pollinisatrices. Notes Fauniques de Gembloux. Sixième Journée entomologique de Gembloux 35: 20-33.

Patiny, S. 1998b. Description d'un sous-genre nouveau de Melitturga Latreille, 1809 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae). Bembix 10: 29-33.

Patiny, S. 1998c. Description d'une nouvelle espèce turque de Simandrena Pérez, 1890 (Andrenidae, Andreninae). Bembix 10: 34-36.

Patiny, S. 1998d. Révision du statut subspécifique de Panurgus dentipes corsicus Warncke, 1972. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale belge d'Entomologie 134: 75-79.

Patiny, S. 1998e. Mise en synonymie de l'espèce récemment décrite Plesiopanurgus hanno Baker, 1997 et considérations sur la position subgénérique des Plesiopanurgus Cameron, 1907 (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale belge d'Entomologie 134(3): 247-252. (In French).

Patiny, S. 1999a. Description of two new Panurginae species from Palearctic (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae). Bembix 12: 28-31.

Patiny, S. 1999b. Synonymie de Meliturgula minima Friese, 1912 et description d'une nouvelle espèce sénégalaise (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Panurginae). Notes fauniques de Gembloux 37: 57-62.

Patiny, S. 1999c. Systématique générique et subgénérique des Melitturga Latreille-Meliturgula Friese-Flavomeliturgula (Warncke) (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae, Panurginae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 104(3): 241-256.

Patiny, S. 1999d. Description de nouvelles espèces de Camptopoeum Spinola, 1843 (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Panurginae). Notes fauniques de Gembloux 37: 71-76.

Patiny, S. 1999e. Etude phylogénétique des Panurginae de l'ancien monde (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae). Linzer Biologische Beiträge 31(1): 249-275.

Patiny, S. 1999f. Révision des Panurginae ouest-paléarctiques n'appartenant pas à la tribu des Melitturgini Michener, 1944 (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae) - Partie 1: Panurgus Panzer et Camptopoeum Spinola. Entomofauna 20(19): 309-328.

Patiny, S. 1999g. Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Flavipanurgus Warncke, 1972 (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Panurginae). Notes fauniques de Gembloux 37: 63-70.

Patiny, S. 2000a. Description d’un genre nouveau de Panurginae: Borgatomelissa g.nov. (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae). Notes fauniques de Gembloux 41: 101-105.

Patiny, S. 2000b. Deux nouvelles espèces de Panurginae d'Angola et d'Afrique du Sud (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 105(3): 301-304.

Patiny, S. 2001a. A new Panurginae genus from Iran: Gasparinahla g.nov. described on base of a new species: Gasparinahla megapalpae sp.nov. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Panurginae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 33(1): 309-313.

Patiny, S. 2001b. Monographie des Panurginae de l'ancien monde (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Andrenidae). Thèse de doctorat. Faculté universitaire des Sciences agronomiques de Gembloux.

Patiny, S. 2001c. Une conception multidimensionnelle des distributions biologiques autorise la généralisation du principe des équilibres intermittents. Thèse annexe. Faculté universitaire des Sciences agronomiques de Gembloux.

Patiny, S. 2002a. A new Clavipanurgus (Andrenidae, Panurginae) species from Georgia, Clavipanurgus eurystylus sp.nov. Linzer biologische Beiträge 34(2): 1263-1266.

Patiny, S. 2002b. Nouvelles espèces de Panurginae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae) du sud de l'Ouest-Paléarctique. Notes fauniques de Gembloux 47: 41-47.

Patiny, S. 2003a. Description d’une nouvelle espèce de Panurginus Nylander, 1848 (Hym., Andrenidae): Panurginus barletae sp.nov. Notes fauniques de Gembloux 49: 47-50.

Patiny, S. 2003b. Panurgus platymerus Pérez, 1895 (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) synonymy, status of the Warncke lectotype. Zootaxa 136: 1-6.

Patiny, S. 2003c. Contemporary distributions of Panurginus species and subspecies in Europe (Apoidea: Andrenidae: Panurginae). Proceedings of the 13th international colloquium of the European Invertebrate Survey, Leiden, 2-5 September 2001: 115-121.

Patiny, S. 2003d. Revision of the subgenus Dufourea (Flavodufourea) Ebmer, 1984 (Hymenoptera, Halictidae, Rophitinae) and description of a new species D.(Flavodufourea) ulkenkalkana sp.nov. from Kazakhstan. Zootaxa 255: 1-8.

Patiny, S. 2003e. Phylogénie des espèces de Clavipanurgus Warncke, 1972 (Apoidea, Andrenidae, Panurginae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France 39(3): 229-234.

Patiny, S. & C. Gaspar, 1999. Description de la couronne paramandibulaire des Andrena F., 1775 (Hym.: Apoidea: Andrenidae: Andreninae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.) - Acte de la 4e CIFE 35: 41-45.

Patiny, S. & C. Gaspar, 2000a. Biogéographie des Melitturga Latreille, 1809, Meliturgula Friese, 1903 et des genres proches (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae, Panurginae). Notes fauniques de Gembloux 39: 3-44.

Patiny, S. & C. Gaspar, 2000b. Premier aperçu de la biodiversité des Panurginae (Hym.: Andrenidae) de l'Anti-Atlas (Maroc). Notes fauniques de Gembloux 41: 33-43.

Patiny, S. & C. Gaspar, 2001. Biogéographie des Panurginae ouest-paléarctiques (Hym., Apoidea, Andrenidae) - Description des zones d'endémisme en région Ouest-Paléarctique et des voies biogéographiques. In Cartography and conservation of Biodiversity - Cartographie et conservation de la Biodiversité. Proceedings of the International Colloquium of the European Invertebrate Survey (1999).

Patiny, S., F. J. Ortiz-Sánchez & D. Michez, 2005. A review of Panurgus (Pachycephalopanurgus), with the description of a new species from Spain. Zootaxa 1037: 37-48.

Patiny, S. & P. Rasmont, 1999. Description d'un nouveau sous-genre de Plesiopanurgus Cameron, 1907 (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Panurginae). Notes fauniques de Gembloux 37: 77-80.

Paton, D. C. 1993. Honey bees in the Australian environment. Bioscience 43: 95-103.

Paton, D. C. 1995. Overview of feral and managed honey bees in Australia: Distribution, abundance, extent of impacts and future research. Report: Australian Nature Conservation Agency: 1-74.

Patricio, E. F. L. R. A., L. Cruz-Lopez, R. Maile, J. Tentschert, G. R. Jones & E. D. Morgan, 2002. The propolis of stingless bees: terpenes from the tibia of three Frieseomelitta species. Journal of Insect Physiology 48(2): 249-254.

Patricio, K. & C. Cruz-Landim, 2002. Mating influence in the ovary differentiation in adult queens of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Brazilian Journal of Biology 62(4A): 641-649.

Patterson, B. D. 1996. The ‘species alias’ problem. Nature, London 380: 589.

Patton, D. C. 1993. Honeybees in the Australian environment. Bioscience 43: 95-103.

Patton, W. H. 1879a. Generic arrangement of the bees allied to Melissodes and Anthophora. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical survey of the Territories 5: 471-479.

Patton, W. H. 1879b. List of a collection of aculeate Hymenoptera made by Mr. S.W. Williston in northwestern Kansas. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 5: 349-370.

Paul, R. K., H. Takeuchi, Y. Matsuo & T. Kubo, 2005. Gene expression of ecdysteroid-regulated gene E74 of the honeybee in ovary and brain. Insect molecular biology 14(1): 9-15.

Paulian, R. & C. Delamare-Deboutteville, 1946. Insects of Pistia stratiotes on the Ivory Coast. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 50: 135-139.

Paulus, H. F. 1988. Borek Tkalcu zum 60. Geburtstag Entomol. Ztschr. 98(6): 76-80 (Frankfurt).

Paulus, H. F. 1996. Zur Bestäubungsbiologie und Artberechtigung von Ophrys tetraloniae Teschner 1987 und Ophrys elatior Gumprecht ex Paulus spec.nov. (Orchidaceae). Ber. Arbeitskr. Heim. Orchid. 13(2): 4-13.

Paulus, H. F. 1997. Signale in der Bestäuberanlockung: Weibchenimitation als Bestäubungsprinzip bei der mediterranen Orchideengattung Ophrys. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Österreich 134: 133-176.

Paulus, H. F. 1999. Bestäubungsbiologische Untersuchungen an Ophrys bombyliflora, Orchis canariensis und Habenaria tridactylides (Orchidaceae) in Gran Canaria (Spanien). Ber. Arbeitskr. Heim. Orchid. 16(1): 4-22.

Paulus, H. F. 2000. Zur Bestäubungsbiologie einiger Ophrys-Arten Istriens (Kroatien) mit einer Beschreibung von Ophrys serotina Rolli ex Paulus spec.nov. aus der Ophrys holoserica- Artengruppe (Orchidaceae und Insecta, Apoidea). Ber. Arbeitskrs. heim. Orchid. 17(2): 4-33.

Paulus, H. F. 2001a. Andrena paucisquama – Männchen als Bestäuber der Sexualtäuschblume Ophrys aesculapii Renz 1928 (Orchidaceae; Insecta, Apoidea: Andrenidae). Ber. Arbeitskrs. heim. Orchid. 18(1): 4-10.

Paulus, H. F. 2001b. Bienen im Garten. Gartenhaus, Gartenkultur in Österreich (Wien) 2(5): 86-88.

Paulus, H. F. 2001c. Daten zur Bestäubungsbiologie und Systematik der Gattung Ophrys in Rhodos (Griechenland) mit Beschreibung von Ophrys parvula, Ophrys persephonae, Ophrys lindia, Ophrys eptapigiensis spp. nov. aus der Ophrys fusca s.str. Gruppe und Ophrys cornutula spec. nov. aus der Ophrys oestrifera-Gruppe (Orchidaceae und Insecta, Apoidea). Ber. Arbeitskrs. heim. Orchid. 18(1): 38-86.

Paulus, H. F. 2001d. Material zu einer Revision des Ophrys fusca s.str. Artenkreises I. Ophrys nigroaenea-fusca, O. colletes- fusca, O. flavipes-fusca, O. funerea, O. forestieri oder was ist die typische Ophrys fusca Link 1799 (Orchidaceae)? Jour. Eur. Orch. 33 (1): 121-177.

Paulus, H. F. 2002 (2001). Daten zur Bestäubungsbiologie und Systematik der Gattung Ophrys in Rhodos (Griechenland) II. Über Ophrys holoserica s.lat.: Ophrys episcopalis, Op. maxima und Ophrys halia spec.nov. (Orchidaceae und Insecta, Apoidea). Ber. Arbeitskrs. heim. Orchid. 18(2): 46-63.

Paulus, H. F. 2005. Pollination Biology of Orchids (Bestäubungs-biologie heimischer Orchideen). Pp. 98-140. In: Arbeitskreise heimische Orchideen (Eds.), Die Orchideen Deutschlands. Uhlstädt-Kirchhasel, Germany, 800 pp.

Paulus, H. F. & C. Gack, 1984a. Evolutionary significance of variability in Ophrys - learning experiments with pseudocopulating bee males. Proc. XVII Int. Congr. Entomol. Hamburg: 440.

Paulus, H. F. & C. Gack, 1984b. Pollination of Ophrys by pseudocopulating bees and wasps. Proc. XVII Int. Congr. Entomol. Hamburg: 488.

Paulus, H. F. & C. Gack, 1984c. Signalimitation als Bestäubungsstrategie der Gattung Ophrys (Orchidaceae) - Beobachtungen im Mittelmeergebiet. Symposium über Entomofaunistik in Europa, Budapest 1983, Verh. SIEEC X. Budapest, 18-21.

Paulus, H. F. & C. Gack, 1986a. Andrena flavipes (Andrenidae): Pseudokopulation auf Ophrys fusca (Orchidaceae), Pollinienentnahme und Pollination. Publ. Wiss. Film, Sekt. Biol., Ser.18, Nr.18/E 2793, 14 S.

Paulus, H. F. & C. Gack, 1986b. Eucera barbiventris (Apidae): Pseudokopulation auf Ophrys scolopax (Orchidaceae), Pollinienentnahme und Pollination. Publ. Wiss. Film, Sekt. Biol., Ser.18, Nr.19/E 2794, 13 S.

Paulus, H. F. & C. Gack, 1986c. Neue Befunde zur Pseudokopulation und Bestäuberspezifität in der Gattung Ophrys - Untersuchungen in Kreta, Süditalien und Israel. Pp. 48-86. In: Senghas, K. & Sundermann, H. (eds.), Probleme der Taxonomie, Verbreitung und Vermehrung europäischer und mediterraner Orchideen II. Die Orchidee, Brücke Verl.Hildesheim, Sonderband.

Paulus, H. F. & C. Gack, 1990a. Pollination of Ophrys (Orchidaceae) in Cyprus. Plant Syst. Evol. 169: 177-207.

Paulus, H. F. & C. Gack, 1990b. Pollinators as prepollinating isolation factors: Evolution and speciation in Ophrys (Orchidaceae). Israel J. Botany 39: 43-79.

Paulus, H. F. & C. Gack, 1990c. Untersuchungen zur Pseudokopulation und Bestäuberspezifität in der Gattung Ophrys im östlichen Mittelmeerraum (Orchidaceae und Insecta, Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Pp. 60-116. In: Senghas, K., Sundermann, H. & Kolbe, W. (ed.), Probleme bei europäischen und mediterranen Orchideen. Jahresber. Naturwiss. Ver. Wuppertal 43.

Paulus, H. F. & C. Gack, 1990d. Zur Pseudokopulation und Bestäuberspezifität der Gattung Ophrys in Sizilien und Süditalien (Orchidaceae und Insecta, Apoidea). Pp. 119-141. In: Senghas, K., Sundermann, H. & Kolbe, W. (ed.), Probleme bei europäischen und mediterranen Orchideen. Jahresber. Naturwiss. Ver. Wuppertal 43.

Paulus, H. F. & C. Gack, 1993. Schlafplatzmimikry bei der mediterranen Orchidee Ophrys helenae. Verh. Dt. Zool. Ges. Salzburg 86: 267.

Paulus, H. F. & C. Gack, 1994. Signalfälschung als Bestäubungsstrategie in der mediterranen Orchideengattung Ophrys - Probleme der Artbildung und der Artabgrenzung. Brederoo, P. & Kapteyn den Boumeester, D. W. (eds.), Int. Symp. Europ. Orchids, Eurorchis 1992 (Utrecht/Haarlem) : 45- 71.

Paulus, H. F. & C. Gack, 1995. Zur Pseudokopulation und Bestäubung in der Gattung Ophrys (Orchidaceae) Sardiniens und Korsikas. Jber. naturwiss. Ver. Wuppertal 48: 188-227. (39 S).

Paulus, H. F. & C. Gack, 1999. Bestäubungsbiologische Untersuchungen an der Gattung Ophrys in der Provence (SO.Frankreich), Ligurien und Toscana (N W Italien) (Orchidaceae und Insecta, Apoidea). Jour. Eur. Orch. 31(2): 347-422.

Paulus, H. F., E. Gügel, D. Rückbrodt & U. Rückbrodt, 2001. Ophrys lyciensis H. F. Paulus & E. Gügel & D. Rückbrodt & U. Rückbrodt spec.nov., eine neue Art aus dem Ophrys holoserica - Artenkreis der S. Türkei (Orchidaceae). Ber. Arbeitskrs. heim. Orchid. 18(1): 19-33.

Pauly, A. 1980a. Les espèces indonesiennes du genre Homalictus Cockerell (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae). Zoologische Mededelingen – Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie de Leiden 55(2): 11-28.

Pauly, A. 1980b. Descriptions préliminarires de quelque sous-genres afrotropicaux nouveaux dans la famille des Halictidae. Revue de Zoologie Africaine 94(1): 119-125.

Pauly, A. 1980c. Les espèces métalliques afrotropicales du sous-genre Ctenonomia du genre Lasioglossum (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae). Revue de Zoologie Africaine 94(1): 3-10.

Pauly, A. 1981a. Note sur les abeilles cleptoparasites du genre Eupetersia avec une révision du sous-genre Calleupetersia. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Belge d’Entomologie 117: 263-274. [In French.].

Pauly, A. 1981b. Lasioglossum (Labrohalictus) saegeri, nouveau sous-genre et nouvelle espèce de halictidae du Parc national de la Garamba (Zaïre). Revue de Zoologie Africaine 95: 717-720.

Pauly, A. 1984a. Glossodialictus wittei, nouveau genre et nouvelle espèce de Halictides récolte au Parc National de l’Upemba (Zaïre). Revue de Zoologie Africaine 98: 703-708.

Pauly, A. 1984b. Classification des Halictidae de Madagascar et des îles voisines I. Halictinae. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 94: 121-156.

Pauly, A. 1984c. Paradialictus, un nouveau genre clepto-parasite récolté au Parc National des Virungas (Zaïre). Revue de Zoologie Africaine 98: 689-692.

Pauly, A. 1984d. Contribution à l’etude des genres afrotropicaux de Nomiinae. Revue de Zoologie Africaine 98: 693-702.

Pauly, A. 1984e. Donnees complementaires pour l'etude des abeilles afrotropicales du groupe Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) duponti (Vachal) (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halicitidae). Revue de Zoologie Africaine 98(2): 334-336.

Pauly, A. 1984f. New genus, new species of Halictidae collected at the National Park of Upemba (Zaire, Africa). Rev. Zool. Afr. 98(4): 703-708.

Pauly, A. 1984g. Une nouvelle espéce de Rhopalomelissa recoltee au Parc national de la Garamba (Zaire) interessante par sa coloration metallique (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae). Revue de Zoologie Africaine 98(2): 327-333.

Pauly, A. 1986. Les abeilles de la sous-famille des Halictinae en Nouvelle-Guinée et dans l’archipel Bismarck. Zoologische Verhandelingen no. 227: 1-58.

Pauly, A. 1989. Les espèces afrotropicales de Pachyhalictus Cockerell du sous-genre Dictyohalictus Michener. Revue de Zoologie Africaine 103: 41-49.

Pauly, A. 1990. Classification des Nomiinae Africains. Annales Musée Royal de l’Afrique Central, Tervuren, Science Zoologiques 261: 1-206.

Pauly, A. 1991. Classification des Halictidae de Madagascar II. Nomiinae. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (NS) 27(3): 287-321.

Pauly, A. 1997a. Paraseladonia, noveau genre cleptoparasite afrotropical. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Belge d’Entomologie 133: 91-99.

Pauly, A. 1997b. Pronomia, un nouveau genre de Nomiinae de Madagascar. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Belge d’Entomologie 133: 101-112.

Pauly, A. 2000. Genetic structure of colonies and a male aggregation in the stingless bee Scaptotrigona postica, as revealed by microsatellite analysis. Insectes Sociaux 47: 63-69.

Pauly, A., R. W. Brooks, A. Nilsson, Y. Pesenko, C. D. Earley, M. Terzo, T. Griswold, M. Schwarz, S. Patiny, J. Munzinger & Y. Barbier, 2001. Hymenoptera Apoidea de Madagascar et des îles voisines. Musée de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique - Annales Sciences Zoologiques 286 : 1-390, 16 planches.

Pauly, A., R. W. Brooks, L. Anders Nilsson, Y. A. Pesenko, C. D. Eardley, M. Terzo, T. Griswold, M. Schwarz, S. Patiny, J. Munzinger & Y. Barbier, 2001. Hymenoptera Apoidea de Madagascar et des iles voisines. Annales Sciences Zoologiques 286: 1-390. 16 plates.

Pauly, A. & A. Rassel, 1982. Une etude au microscope electronique a balayage des gonostyli de Halictus (Seladonia) smaragdulus Vachal (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae). Annales Societe Royale Zoologique de Belgique 112(2): 137-146.

Pauw, Anton, 2005. Inversostyly: a new stylar polymorphism in an oil-secreting plant, Hemimeris racemosa (Scrophulariaceae). American journal of botany 92(11): 1878-1886.

Pauw, Anton. 2006. Floral syndromes accurately predict pollination by a specialized oil-collecting bee (Rediviva peringueyi, Melittidae) in a guild of South African orchids Coryciinae). American journal of botany 93(6): 917-926. [Electronic Resource: http://www.amjbot.org/].

Pawlikowski, T. & W. Celary, 2003. Part XXIV. Hymenoptera. Issue 68a. Bees - Apidae. Introduction and the subgenus Colletinae. Klucze do Oznaczania Owadow Polski No.167: 65 pp.

Paxton, R. J. 1991. Profile of a solitary bee: Andrena fulva. Bee World 72: 11-18.

Paxton, R. J., P. A. Thren, N. Gyllenstrand & J. Tengo, 1999. Microsatellite DNA analysis reveals low diploid male production in a communal bee with inbreeding. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 60: 483-502.

Pawar, D. B., S. D. Warade, S. K. Patil & H. S. Barve, 2000. A note on foraging activity of honey bees in onion. Insect Environment 6(2): 61.

Pawli Kowski, T. 1989. The structure of wild bee (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) communities from habitats of a field-pine forest ecotone. Acta Univ. Nicolai Copernici Biol. 33: 101-110. [In Polish with English summary.].

Paxton, R. J. 1991. Profile of a solitary bee: Andrena fulva. Bee World 72(1): 11-18.

Paxton, R. J. 2005. Male mating behaviour and mating systems of bees: an overview. Apidologie 36(2): 145-156.

Paxton, R. J., E. Arevalo & J. Field, 2003. Microsatellite loci for the eusocial Lasioglossum malachurum and other sweat bees (Hymenoptera, Halictidae). Molecular Ecology Notes 3(1): 82-84.

Paxton, R. J., M. Ayasse, J. Field & A. Soro, 2002. Complex sociogenetic organization and reproductive skew in a primitively eusocial sweat bee, Lasioglossum malachurum, as revealed by microsatellite. Molecular Ecology 11(11): 2405-2416.

Paxton, R. J., L. R. Bego, H. Ruhnke, F. L. W. Ratnieks & J. G. Quezada-Euan, 2001. Social evolution in stingless bees: are the workers or is the queen in control of male production? XXVII International Ethological Conference, Tübingen, Germany.

Paxton, R. J., C. M. Echazarreta & M. Garcia, 1991. Africanized honey bees in Yucatan, Mexico: a detailed survey. American Bee Journal 131(10): 646-648.

Paxton, R. J., I. Fries, N. J. Pieniazek & J. Tengö, 1997. High incidence of infection of an undescribed microsporidium (Microspora) in the communal bee Andrena scotica (Hymen., Andrenidae). Apidologie 28: 129-141.

Paxton, R. J., M. Giovanetti, F. Andrietti, E. Scamoni & B. Scanni, 1999. Mating in a communal bee, Andrena agilissima (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Ethology Ecology & Evolution 11: 371-382.

Paxton, R. J., P. F. Kukuk & J. Tengö, 1999. Effects of familiarity and nestmate number on social interactions in two communal bees, Andrena scotica and Panurgus calcaratus (Hymen., Andrenidae). Insectes Sociaux 46: 109-118.

Paxton, R. J. & H. Pohl, 1999. The tawny mining bee, Andrena fulva (Müller) (Hymenoptera, Andreninae), at a South Wales field site and its associated organisms : Hymenoptera, Diptera, Nematoda and Strepsiptera. British Journal of Entomology and Natural History 12: 57-67.

Paxton, R. J., C. H. Sakamoto & F. C. N. Rugiga, 1994. Modification of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) stinging behaviour by within-colony environment and age. Journal of Apicultural Research 33: 75-82.

Paxton, R. J. & J. Tengö, 1996. Intranidal mating, emergence, and sex ratio in a communal bee Andrena jacobi Perkins 1921 (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 9: 421-440.

Paxton, R. J. & J. Tengö, 2001. Doubly duped males: the sweet and sour of the orchid's bouquet. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16: 167-169.

Paxton, R. J., J. Tengö & L. Hedström, 1996. Dipteran parasites and other associates of a communal bee, Andrena scotica (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), on Öland, SE Sweden. Entomologisk Tidskrift 117: 165-178.

Paxton, R. J., P. A. Thoren, N. Gyllenstrand & J. Tengo, 2000. Microsatellite DNA analysis reveals low diploid male production in a communal bee with inbreeding. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69(4): 483-502.

Paxton, R. J., P. A. Thorén, A. Estoup & J. Tengö, 2001. Queen-worker conflict over male production and sex ratio in a facultatively polyandrous bumble bee, Bombus hypnorum: the consequences of nest usurpation. Molecular Ecology 10: 2489-2498.

Paxton, R. J., P. A. Thorén, N. Gyllenstrand & J. Tengö, 2000. Microsatellite DNA analysis reveals low diploid male production in a communal bee with inbreeding. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69(4): 483-502.

Paxton, R. J., P. A. Thorén, J. Tengö, A. Estoup & P. Pamilo, 1996. Mating structure and nestmate relatedness in a communal bee, Andrena jacobi (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae), using microsatellites. Molecular Ecology 5(4): 511-519.

Paxton, R. J., N. Weißschuh, W. Engels, K. Hartfelder & J. J. G. Quezada-Euan, 1999. Not only single mating in stingless bees. Naturwissenschaften 86: 143-146.

Paxton, R. J., N. Weißschuh & J. J. G. Quezada-Euan, 1999. Characterization of dinucleotide microsatellite loci for stingless bees. Molecular Ecology 8: 690-692.

Paxton, R. J., N. Weissschuh & J. J. G. Quezada-Euan, 1999. Characterization of dinucleotide microsatellite loci for stingless bees. Molecular Ecology 8(4): 690-692.

Paydas, S., S. Eti, O. Kaftanoglu, E. Yasa & K. Derin, 2000. Effects of pollination of strawberries grown in plastic greenhouses by honeybees and bumblebees on the yield and quality of the fruits. Acta Horticulturae No.513: 443-451.

Paydas, S., S. Eti, S. Sevinc, E. Yasa, K. Derin, N. Kaska & O. Kaftanoglu, 2000. Effects of different pollinators to the yield and quality of strawberries. Acta Horticulturae No.522: 209-215.

Payette, A. 1987. Entomofaune pollinisatrice (Hymenoptera : Apoidea) de la région Agricole de Saint-Hyacinthe. Mémoire de M. Sc., U.Q.A.M., Montréal, 82 pages.

Payette, A. 1999. L'abeille découpeuse de la luzerne, Megachile rotundata (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae), dans la moitié sud du Québec. Le Naturaliste canadien 123: 19-24.

Payette, A. 2001. Première mention de l'abeille Dufourea novaeangliae (Hymenoptera : Halictidae) pour le Québec. Fabreries 26(1) : 20-25.

Payette, A. 2002a. Première mention de l'abeille adventice Anthidium manicatum (Linné) (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae) pour le Québec. Fabreries 26(2) [2001]: 87-97.

Payette, A. 2002b. Première mention de l'abeille Melissodes apicata Lovell and Cockerell (Hymenoptera : Apidae) pour le Québec. Fabreries 27(2): 81-85.

Payette, A. 2004. Première mention de l'abeille Osmia subaustralis (Cockerell) (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae) pour le Québec. Fabreries 29(1) : 27-32.

Payette, A. & D. de Oliveira, 1989. Diversité et abondance des Apoïdes (Hymenoptera : Apoidea) dans l'agroécosystème de Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec. Le Naturaliste canadien 116: 155-165.

Payette, A. & M. Payette, 2003. Première mention de l’abeille Peponapis pruinosa (Say) (Hymenoptera : Apidae) pour le Québec. Fabreries 28(1): 37-47.

Payne, R. M. 1974a. Insects of flowers of Inula crithmoides L.(Compositae). Entomologist Monthly Magazine 110: 202.

Payne, R. M. 1974b. Insects of flowers of elecampane (Inula helenium L.). Entomologist Monthly Magazine 110: 221.

Payne, J. A., J. H. Cane, A. A. Amis & P. H. Lyrene, 1989. Fruit size, seed size, seed viability and pollination of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade). Acta Horticulturae No. 241: 38-43.

Peabody, E. 2004. Bees that resist mites are busy groomers. Agricultural research 52(12): 21. [Electronic Resource: http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/dec04/bees1204.htm].

Peabody, E. 2005. Cleaning house-and hive. Agric. Res. 53(10): 8-9. [ER: http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/oct05/hive1005.htm].

Peach, M. L., D. G. Alston & V. J. Tepedino, 1994. Bees and bran bait: Is carbaryl bran bait lethal to alfalfa leafcutting bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) adults or larvae? Journal of Economic Entomology 87(2): 311-317.

Peach, M. L., D. G. Alston & V. J. Tepedino, 1995. Sublethal effects of carbaryl bran bait on nesting performance, parental investment, and offspring size and sex ratio of the alfalfa leafcutting bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Environmental Entomology 24(1): 34-39.

Peakall, R. & F. P. Schiestl, 2004. A mark-recapture study of male Colletes cunicularius bees: implications for pollination by sexual deception. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 56(6): 579-584.

Pearce, A. N., Z. -Y. Huang & M. D. Breed, 2001. Juvenile hormone and aggression in honey bees. Journal of Insect Physiology 47(11): 1243-1247.

Pearson, D. L. & R. L. Dressler, 1985. Two-year study of male orchid bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) attraction to chemical baits in lowland south-eastern Peru. Journal of Tropical Ecology 1: 37-54.

Pearson, J. F. W. 1933. Studies on the ecological relations of bees in the Chicago region. Ecol. Monogr. 3(3): 373-441.

Pecetti, L., A. Tava, A. Felicioli, M. Pinzauti & E. Piano, 2002. Effect of three volatile compounds from lucerne flowers on their attractiveness towards pollinators. Bulletin of Insectology 55(1/2): 21-27.

Peck, O. 1969. Chalcidoid (Hymenoptera) parasites of the alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata, in Canada. Canad. Entomol. 101(4): 418-422.

Peck, O. & J. L. Bolton, 1946. Alfalfa seed production in northern Saskatchewan as affected by bees, with a report on means of increasing the populations of native bees. Scientific Agriculture 26: 338-418.

Pedersen, B. V. 1996. A phylogenetic analysis of cuckoo bumblebees (Psithyrus, Lepeletier) and bumblebees (Bombus, Latreille) inferred from sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 5: 289-297.

Pedersen, B. V. 2002. European bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Bombini) – phylogenetic relationships inferred from DNA sequences. Insect Systematics and Evolution 33(4): 361-386.

Pedersen, M. W. 1953a. Seed production in alfalfa as related to nectar production and honeybee visitation. Botanical Gazette 115: 129-138.

Pedersen, M. W. 1962. An analysis of certain factors associated with pollination and seed production in alfalfa. In Proceedings of the1st Internatl. Symposium on Pollination, Copenhagen, Aug. 1960. Commun. 7, Swedish Seed Growers' Association: 64-74.

Pedersen, M. W. & G. E. Bohart, 1950. Using bumblebees in cages as pollinators for small seed plots. Agron. Jour. 42(10): 523.

Pederson, M. W., G. E. Bohart, M. D. Levin, et al., 1959. Cultural practices for alfalfa seed production. Utah Agriculture Experiment Station Bulletin No. 408: 1-31.

Pedersen, M. W., G. E. Bohart, V. L. Marble & E. C. Klostermeyer, 1972. Seed production practices. In: C. H. Hanson (ed.), Alfalfa Science and Technology. Agronomy series No. 15, American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Madison, WI.

Pederson, M. W. & W. P. Nye, 1962. Alfalfa seed production studies. Utah Agriculture Experiment Station Bulletin No. 436: 1-22.

Pederson, M. W., H. L. Petersen, G. E. Bohart & M. D. Levin, 1956. A comparison of the effect of complete and partial cross-pollination of alfalfa on pod set, seeds per pod, and pod and seed weight. Agron. Jour. 48: 177-180.

Pederson, M. W. & E. E. Todd, 1949. Selection and tripping in alfalfa clones by nectar- collecting honeybees. Agron. Jour. 41: 247 - 249.

Pederson, M. W., E. E. Todd & E. V. Lieberman, 1950. A portable field cage. U.S. Department Agriculture Bur. Ent. ET-289, pp. 1-9.

Pedro, S. R. de M. 1996. Lista preliminary das espécies de abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) que ocorrem na região de Ribeirão Preto e Cajuru, S.P. In C.A. Garófalo et al. (eds.), Anais do II Encontro sobre Abelhas. Ciências e Letras, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Pp. 248-258.

Pedro, S. R. de M. & J. M. F. D. Camargo, 1991. Interactions of floral resources between the Africanized honey bee Apis mellifera L. and the native bee community (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in a natural cerrado ecosystem in southeast Brazil. Apidologie 22(4): 397-416.

Pedro, S. R. M. & J. M. F. Camargo, 1996-1997. A new species of Partamona (Hymenoptera: Apidae) endemic to eastern Panama and notes on P. grandipennis. Rev. Biol. Trop. 44(3)/45(1): 199-208.

Pedro, S. R. de M. & J. M. F. D. Camargo, 1999. Hymenoptera, Apiformes. Pp. 193-211. In: C. R. F. Brandão & E. M. Cancello (eds.), Biodiversidade do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. 5: Invertebrados Terrestres. Fapesp, São Paulo.

Pedro, S. R. M. & J. M. F. Camargo, 2003. Meliponini neotropicais: o gênero Partamona Schwarz, 1939 (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 47(Supl. I): 1-117.

Peeters, C. & F. Ito, 2001. Colony dispersal and the evolution of queen morphology in social Hymenoptera. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 46: 601-630.

Peeters, T. M. J. & M. Reemer, 2003. Bedreigde en verdwenen bijen in Nederland (Apidae s.l.) : basisrapport met voorstel voor de Rode Lijst. Leiden (Netherlands). Stichting European Invertebrate Survey (2003). 96 pages.

Pegoraro, A., A. Chaves Neto & C. M. A. Dalla, 2001. Production of eggs, larvae and pupae in Apis mellifera scutellata (Hym., Apidae) colonies. Archives of Veterinary Science 6(2): 57-62.

Peitsch, D. 1988. Comparative approach to spectral sensitivities of photoreceptors and colour vision in Hymenopterans. Pp. 117-121. In: D. G. de Souza et al. (eds.), Sociedade de Psicologia de Ribeirao Preto. Anais da XVIII Reuniao Anual de Psicologia. Sao Paulo.

Peitsch, D., A. Fietz, H. Hertel, J. de Souza, D. F. Ventura & R. Menzel, 1992. The spectral input systems of hymenopteran insects and their receptor-based colour vision. J. Comp. Physiol. A 170: 23-40.

Pekkarinen, A. 1979. Morphometric, colour and enzyme variation in bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus) in Fennoscandia and Denmark. Acta zoologica fennica 158: 60 pp.

Pekkarinen, A. 1982. Morphology and specific status of Bombus lapponicus (Fabricius) and B. monticola Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Entomologica scandinavica 13: 41-46.

Pekkarinen, A., O. Berg, I. Calabuig, L. A. Janzon & J. Luig, 2003. Distribution and co-existence of the Macropis species and their cleptoparasite Epeoloides coecutiens (Fabr.) in NW Europe (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Melittidae and Apidae). Entomologica Fennica 14(1): 53-59.

Pekkarinen, A., P. Pamilo & S. L. Vario-Aho, 1978. Genetic enzymatic polymorphism in Hymenoptera: its occurrence and application to taxonomy. Norweigian Journal of Entomology 25(1): 86-87.

Pekkarinen, A. & E. Kaarnama, 1994. Bombus terrestris auct. new to Finland (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Sahlbergia 1: 11-13.

Pekkarinen, A. & I. Teräs, 1993. Zoogeography of Bombus and Psithyrus in northwestern Europe (Hymenoptera , Apidae). Annales Zoologici Fennici 30: 187-208.

Pekkarinen, A., I. Teräs, J. Viramo & J. Paatela, 1981. Distribution of bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Bombus and Psithyrus) in eastern Fennoscandia. Notulae Entomologicae 61: 71-89.

Peled, R. 1971. Beekeeping in West Africa. American Bee Journal 111(6): 222-223.

Pelletier, L., J. N. McNeil, 2004. Do bumblebees always forage as much as they could? Insectes Sociaux 51(3): 271-274.

Pellett, E. C. 1941. Pollination of alfalfa. American Bee Journal 81: 129.

Pellmyr, O. & L. B. Thien, 1986. Insect reproduction and floral fragrances: keys to the evolution of the angiosperms? Taxon 35(1): 76-85.

Pellmyr, O., L. B. Thien, G. Bergstrom & I. Groth, 1990. Pollination of New Caledonian Winteraceae: opportunistic shifts or parallel radiation with their pollinators? Plant Systematics and Evolution 173(3/4): 143-173.

Pelz, C., Jander, J., Rosenboom, H., Hammer, M. & Menzel, R. 1999. IA in Kenyon cells of the mushroom body of honeybees resembles Shaker currents: Kinetics, modulation by K+, and simulation. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 1749-1759.

Pena, G. L. E. 1973. New insects accidentally introduced into Chile. Rev. Chil. Entomol. 7: 251.

Pence, H., T. Wilson, J. O. Schmidt & A. F. White, 1985. Evaluation of Sweat Bee allergy with Sweat Bee venom. J. Allerg. clin. Immunol. 75(1, part 2): 209. [Published Abstract only].

Pendlebury, H. M. 1923. Four new species of Bombus from the Malay Peninsula. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 11: 64-67.

Penedo, M. C. T., P. R. Forehead & F. S. Zucoloto, 1976. Nutritional value of the gevral and of I leaven it of beer in different mixtures with the pollen for Scaptotrigona (Scaptotrigona) postica (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Science and Culture 28(5): 536-538.

Peng, C. Y. S., X. S. Zhou & H. K. Kaya, 2003. Virulence and site of infection of the fungus, Hirsutella thompsonii, to the honey bee ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 81(3): 185-195.

Peng, G., J. C. Sutton & J. C. Keven, 1992. Effectiveness of honeybees for applying the biocontrol agent Glicoladium roseum to strawberry flowers to suppress Botrytis cinerea. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 14: 117-129.

Peng J. 1992. Iconography of forest insects in Hunan, China. Hunan Scientific and Technical Publishing House. 1473 pages. [In Chinese.]

Peng, Y. -S. 1986. Filtering mechanism of the honey bee proventri-culus. Physiological Entomology 11(4): 433-439.

Peng, Y. -S. 1988. The resistance mechanism of the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana) to the mite Varroa jacobsoni. Pp. 426-429. In: Needham, G.R. (ed.), Africanized honey bees and bee mites. E. Horwood, Chichester, West Sussex, England.

Peng, Y. -S. & Y. Fang, 1988. Removal of the mite Varroa jacobsoni from the brood of the European honey bee Apis melliferain foster colonies of the Asian honey bee Apis cerana. Pp.430-433. In: Needham, G.R. (ed.), Africanized honey bees and bee mites. E. Horwood, Chichester, West Sussex, England.

Peng, Y. -S., D. M. Gordon, M. E. Nasr & L. R. Teuber, 1987. Pollen variation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars. Pollen et Spores 29: 45-58.

Peng, Y. -S., Y. Fang, S. Xu, L. Ge & M. E. Nasr, 1987. The response of the foster Asian honey bee (Apis cerana Fabr.) to the brood of European honey bee (Apis mellifera Linn.) infested with parasitic mite, Oudemans. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 49: 259-264.

Peng, Y. -S., S. J. Locke, M. E. Nasr, T. P. Liu & M. A. Montague, 1990. Differential staining for living and dead sperm of honey bees. Physiol. Entomol. 15: 211-217.

Peng, Y.-S., S. J. Locke, M. E. Nasr, T. P. Liu & M. A. Montague, 1990. Differential staining for live and dead sperm of honey bees. Physiol. Entomol. 15(2): 211-218.

Peng, Y. S., J. M. Marston & O. Kaftanoglu, 1984. Effect of supplemental feeding of honeybee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) populations and the economic value of supplemental feeding for production of package-bees. Journal of Economic Entomology 77(3): 632-636.

Peng, Y. -S. & M. E. Nasr, 1985. Detection of honey bee tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi) by simple staining techniques. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 46(3): 325-331.

Peng, Y. -S., M. E. Nasr & S. J. Locke, 1988. Geographical races of Apis cerana Fabricius in China and their distribution. [Review of recent Chinese publications and preliminary statistical analysis]. Apidologie 19: 9-20.

Peng, Y. S., M. E. Nasr, J. M. Marston, 1986. Release of alfalfa, Medicago sativa, pollen cytoplasm in the gut of the honeybee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 79(5): 804-807.

Peng, Y. S., M. E. Nasr, J. M. Marston & Y. Fang, 1984. Digestion of Torula yeast, Canadida utilis, by the adult honeybee, Apis mellifera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 77(5): 627-632.

Peng, Y. -S., M. E. Nasr, J. M. Marston & Y. Fang, 1985. The digestion of dandelion pollen by adult worker honeybee. Physio. Entomol. 10(1): 75-82.

Peng, Y. -S. & K. -Y. Peng, 1979. A study on the possible utilization of immunodiffusion and immunofluorescence techniques as the diagnostic for American foulbrood of honeybees (Apis mellifera). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 33: 284-289.

Peng, Y., et al. 1987. The resistance mechanism of the Asian honeybee Apis cerana Fabr., to an ectoparasitic mite, Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 49(1): 54-60.

Pengelly, D. H. 1953. Alfalfa pollination in southern Ontario. Entomological Society of Ontario Annual Report No. 84: 101-118.

Pengelly, D. H. 1958. The genus Megachile latreille (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) and alfalfa pollination. In Proceedings of the10th international Congress of Entomology, Montreal. Aug. 1956, Pp. 945-950.

Percival, M. S. 1950. Pollen presentation and pollen collection. New Phytol. 49: 40-63.

Pereboom, J. J. M., W. C. Jordan, S. Sumner, R. L. Hammond & A. F. G. Bourke, 2005. Differential gene expression in queen-worker caste determination in bumble-bees. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Biological sciences 272(1568): 1145-1152.

Pereira, A. M. & J. Chaud-Netto, 2005. Africanized honeybees: Biological characteri-stics, urban nesting behavior and accidents caused in Brazilian cities (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Sociobiology 46(3): 535-550.

Pereira, A. S., E. A. Nascimento, F. R. de Aquino Neto, 2002. Lupeol alkanoates in Brazilian propolis. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. Section C, Biosciences 57(7/8): 721-726.

Pereira, M. & C. A. Garófalo, 1996. Aprovisionamento de céllulas por Centris (Hemisiella) vittata Lepeletier. In C.A. Garófalo et al. (eds.), Anais do II Encontro sobre Abelhas. Ciências e Letras, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. P. 329.